modelWall
Information
Hypothesis and equation
- This wall can be an inner wall or an outer wall. Depending on the configuration, longwave or shortwave radiations can be considered on its faces
- A heat transfer by conduction occurs in the material which is defined by
nhomogeneous layers (each layer is discretized inmequidistant meshes) - Heat transfers by convection occurs on the two internal and external faces
Available heating options :
- This wall can be heated (or cooled) by an hydraulic system integrated by discretization in
nDslices of the floor surface. A sensitivity analysis has allowed to define the default value ofnD= 8 which can be with variable pitch - This wall can also integrate a heating element (ex. electric radiant floor - PRE). The real port
PelecPREallows to inject a thermal power to model heating floor cables
SWR solar fluxes are divided into :
- Direct and diffuse incident on the external faces flows
- The diffuse solar flux transmitted in the room and reflected by the room internal surface areas and which is received by the internal face
Bibliography
TF1 CLIM2000
Instructions for use
The thermal ports T_ext and T_int must be connected to temperature nodes (connect T_ext to T_dry of Meteofile).
The external incident flows FLUX can come from models BoundaryConditions.Solar models, which are the link between walls and weather readers.
The internal incident flows FluxAbsInt, activated by the parameter RadInterne, can come from occupants, heating systems but also from the redistribution of solar flux within a room (models from BoundaryConditions.Radiation package).
In the same way, and in case of inner wall, the internal incident flows FluxAbsExt on the other face of the wall (face named "external") can be activated by the parameter RadExterne.
Known limits / Use precautions
Warning, default values of convective coefficients are indicative only, and should not be taken as real values in all cases.
The given exchange coefficients can be either global coefficients (sum of convective and radiative), or purely convective exchanges if radiative exchanges are treated elsewhere.
- If
GLOext = True, thenhs_extis a purely convective coefficient - 5,15 W/m².K outside and 5.71 W:m².K inside can be removed from the value of the recommended global exchange coefficient.
Some indications :
- Vertical surfaces:
hs_int= 7.69,hs_ext= 25 - Horizontal surfaces:
hs_int= 10,hs_ext= 25
Validations
BESTEST validation procedure
Validated model - Aurélie Kaemmerlen 12/2010
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Licensed by EDF under a 3-clause BSD-license
Copyright © EDF 2009 - 2023
BuildSysPro version 3.6.0
Author : Aurélie KAEMMERLEN, EDF (2010)
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Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI.SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer | U_value | BuildSysPro.Building.BuildingEnvelope.Functions.U_Wall(wall_record = caracParoi, hs_int = hs_int, hs_ext = hs_ext) | Wall U-value |
| Type of wall | |||
| Integer | ParoiActive | 1 | |
| Boolean | ParoiInterne | false | Wall position |
| Integer | nP | 1 | Number of the layer whose upper border is the site of power injection - must be strictly lower than n |
| Options | |||
| Boolean | RadInterne | false | Inclusion of irradiation which is absorbed on the inner face |
| Boolean | RadExterne | false | In case of internal wall, inclusion of irradiation which is absorbed on the outer face |
| Boolean | GLOext | false | Inclusion of LW radiation (infrared) between the wall, the environment and the sky |
| General properties of the wall | |||
| Modelica.Units.NonSI.Angle_deg | incl | 90 | Tilt of the surface relative to the horizontal - toward the ground=180°, toward the sky=0°, vertical=90° |
| SI.Area | S | 1 | Wall surface without windows |
| BuildSysPro.Utilities.Records.GenericWall | caracParoi | Wall composition | |
| SI.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hs_ext | 25 | Global or convective surface exchange coefficient on the outer face depending on the selected mode (GLOext) |
| SI.CoefficientOfHeatTransfer | hs_int | 7.69 | Surface exchange coefficient on the inner face |
| Real | alpha_ext | 0.6 | Absorption coefficient of the outer wall in the visible (around 0.3 for clear walls and 0.9 for dark shades) |
| Real | eps | 0.9 | Emissivity of the outer surface of the wall in LWR (concrete 0.9) |
| Initialization | |||
| SI.Temperature | Tp | 293.15 | Initial temperature of the wall |
| BuildSysPro.Utilities.Types.InitCond | InitType | BuildSysPro.Utilities.Types.InitCond.SteadyState | |
| Water-based heating wall parameters | |||
| Integer | nD | 8 | Number of discretization slices of the water floor |
| SI.Distance | Ltube | 128 | Floor heating coil length |
| SI.Distance | DiametreInt | 0.013 | Inside diameter of the tube |
| SI.Distance | eT | 0.0015 | Tube thickness |
| SI.ThermalConductivity | lambdaT | 0.35 | Thermal conductivity of the tube |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a | T_ext | Outdoor air temperature | |
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a | Ts_ext | Outdoor temperature on the wall surface | |
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_b | Ts_int | Indoor temperature on the wall surface | |
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_b | T_int | Indoor air temperature | |
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Interfaces.HeatPort_a | T_sky | Sky temperature | |
| BuildSysPro.BoundaryConditions.Solar.Interfaces.SolarFluxInput[3] | FluxIncExt | Surface incident solar flux information 1-Diffuse Flux [W/m2], 2-Direct Flux [W/m2], 3-Cosi | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput | FluxAbsInt | Flows (SWR/LWR) absorbed by this wall on its inner face [W] | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput | FluxAbsExt | Flows (SWR/LWR) absorbed by this wall on its outer face [W] | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput[2] | WaterIn | Vector containing 1-the fluid temperature (K), 2-the flow (kg/s) | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealOutput[2] | WaterOut | Vector containing 1-the fluid temperature (K), 2-the flow (kg/s) | |
| Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput | PelecPRE | Electric power injected into the floor |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Blocks.Math.Add | add | ||
| Modelica.Blocks.Math.Gain | AbsMurExt | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow | prescribedCLOAbsExt | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow | prescribedCLOAbsInt | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Sources.PrescribedHeatFlow | prescribedCLOAbsExt2 | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Components.ExtLWR | EchangesGLOext | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor | Echange_a | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Components.ThermalConductor | Echange_b | ||
| BuildSysPro.BaseClasses.HeatTransfer.Components.HomogeneousNLayersWall | ParoiNCouchesHomogenes | ||
| BuildSysPro.Systems.HVAC.Emission.RadiantFloor.RadiantHeatingFloor[nD] | paroiActiveEau | Wall surface divided into nD active walls with water circulation inside | |
| BuildSysPro.Systems.HVAC.Emission.RadiantFloor.RadiantHeatingFloor | ParoiChauffanteElec |
Revisions
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 02/2011 :
- Ajout du choix de considérer ou non des flux absorbés (CLO ou GLO) sur les 2 faces via 2 booléens RadInterne et RadExterne
- Ajout d'une liste déroulante pour le choix des matériaux via l'annotation (choicesAllMatching=true)
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 05/2011 :
- paramétrage en paroi interne possible, paroi qui peut avoir un flux (GLO ou CLO) absorbé incident
- Modification du nom du connecteur CLOabs changé en FluxAbsInt
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 10/2011 : augmentation du nombre de maille par couches par défaut (4 au lieu de 2) + Ajout des échanges avec l'environnement (Ciel et Sol)
- Un nouveau booléen a été ajouté pour permettre de considérer ou non ces deux échanges
- L'inclinaison et l'émissivité en GLO de la paroi ont ainsi été ajoutées pour caractériser ces échanges
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 07/2012 :
- Iintégration des coefficients convectifs directement dans ce modèle pour faciliter l'intégration d'éléments actifs dans la paroi
- Hubert Blervaque 06/2012 : Intégration de l'option permettant d'en faire un plancher chauffant à eau, Modification des paramètres par défaut pour hs et hint (5.88 au lieu de 1)
- Vincent Magnaudeix 03/2012 (non validé) : intégration du modèle partiel de plancher chauffant électrique.
- Gilles Plessis 06/2012 : Insertion du record ParoiGenerique pour le paramètrage des caractéristiques de la paroi sous une forme "replaceable", Protection des composants internes pour éviter le trop grand nombre de variables lors de l'exploitation des résultats de simulation.
- Remarque GP : Le "modifier" replaceable est obligatoire pour autoriser la taille variable de ParoiGenerique (Erreur dans le check d'un modèle utilisant la paroi). Il permet aussi d'envisager l'utilisation de matériaux à changement de phase dans les couches de parois.
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 10/2012 : Correction de l'inversion depuis la dernière version des hs_int et hs_ext
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 09/2013 : Changement des hs par défaut (correspondent désormais à ceux de surfaces verticales)
Aurélie Kaemmerlen 12/2013 : Modification de la valeur par défaut de l'émissivité : 0.9 (béton) au lieu de 0.6
Amy Lindsay 03/2014 : changement des FluxSolInput en RealInput pour les flux absorbés extérieur et intérieur pour éviter les confusions (ces flux absorbés en GLO ou en CLO peuvent non seulement provenir du soleil, mais aussi d'autres sources radiatives ; de plus, le flux solaire est déjà absorbé via le FLUX[3])
Hassan Bouia 04/2014 : au vu des changements de ParoiNCouchesHomogenes, pour décrire une ParoiNEW, il n'est plus possible d'écrire l'égalité des records caracParoi=caracParoi; il faut étendre cette définition (caracParoi(n=caracParoi.n, m=caracParoi.m, mat=caracParoi.mat, e=caracParoi.e, positionIsolant=caracParoi.positionIsolant)).
Mathias Bouquerel 07/2019 : the calculation of the wall U-value is added (takes into account the wall composition and heat transfer coefficients).