modelA06AH04_1
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Naloxone_1 | |
| ATC code: | A06AH04_1 | route: | intramuscular |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 0.4 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 2.0 | L |
| clearance: | 22.4 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used primarily to rapidly reverse opioid overdose. It binds to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the effects of other opioids, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. Naloxone is approved and widely used today both in emergency settings and by bystanders.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adults after intramuscular administration.
References
Saari, TI, et al., & Dale, O (2024). Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naloxone. Clinical pharmacokinetics 63(4) 397–422. DOI:10.1007/s40262-024-01355-6 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38485851
Dowling, J, et al., & Graudins, A (2008). Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous, intramuscular, and intranasal naloxone in human volunteers. Therapeutic drug monitoring 30(4) 490–496. DOI:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181816214 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18641540
Skulberg, AK, et al., & Dale, O (2018). Pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of intramuscular and intranasal naloxone: an explorative study in healthy volunteers. European journal of clinical pharmacology 74(7) 873–883. DOI:10.1007/s00228-018-2443-3 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29568976
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)