modelC03DA01
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Spironolactone | |
| ATC code: | C03DA01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 100 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 13.3 | L |
| clearance: | 20.1 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and an antagonist of aldosterone. It is primarily used to treat conditions such as heart failure, hypertension, primary hyperaldosteronism, and edema associated with liver cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome. It is also used for treatment of hirsutism and acne in women. Spironolactone is an approved drug and is commonly used in clinical practice today.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult subjects following a single oral dose.
References
Lass, J, et al., & Lutsar, I (2024). Pharmacokinetics of oral spironolactone in infants up to 2 years of age. European journal of clinical pharmacology 80(2) 239–248. DOI:10.1007/s00228-023-03599-w PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38041740
Oishi, M, et al., & Sweeney, K (2017). Population Pharmacokinetics of Eplerenone in Japanese Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of clinical pharmacology 57(6) 730–738. DOI:10.1002/jcph.861 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28032902
Chen, R, et al., & Xia, ZL (2013). Population pharmacokinetics of digoxin in elderly patients. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 38(2) 115–121. DOI:10.1007/s13318-012-0107-8 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23096939
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)