modelC10AD52
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | NicotinicAcidCombinations | |
| ATC code: | C10AD52 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 1000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.37 | L |
| clearance: | 16 | L/hr |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin, is a lipid-lowering agent used in combination with other agents (such as statins or other lipid-modifying agents). It has historically been employed for the treatment of dyslipidemia by reducing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The use of nicotinic acid combinations has declined in recent years due to unfavorable side effect profiles and lack of outcome benefits shown in recent trials. Approval status for these combinations varies by country, and some combinations have been withdrawn.
Pharmacokinetics
No specific published pharmacokinetic parameters for nicotinic acid, combinations (ATC C10AD52) in humans are available. The following values are rough estimates based on known pharmacokinetics of oral nicotinic acid in adults; parameters may vary significantly when combined with other agents.
References
Jain, L, et al., & Figg, WD (2011). Population pharmacokinetic analysis of sorafenib in patients with solid tumours. British journal of clinical pharmacology 72(2) 294–305. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03963.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21392074
He, AR, et al., & Plimack, ER (2019). First-in-Human Phase I Study of Merestinib, an Oral Multikinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Cancer. The oncologist 24(9) e930–e942. DOI:10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0411 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30833489
Pawaskar, DK, et al., & Jusko, WJ (2013). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for everolimus and sorafenib in mice. Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 71(5) 1219–1229. DOI:10.1007/s00280-013-2116-y PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23455451
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)