modelD05AX06
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Roflumilast | |
| ATC code: | D05AX06 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 0.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 2.9 | L |
| clearance: | 9.6 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor used primarily in the treatment of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to reduce the risk of exacerbations. It is an orally administered, anti-inflammatory agent approved in multiple jurisdictions including the US and EU for maintenance treatment of COPD.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adult subjects after oral administration of 500 micrograms roflumilast once daily.
References
Li, Q, et al., & Ding, L (2017). Pharmacokinetics of Roflumilast and Its Active Metabolite Roflumilast N-Oxide in Healthy Chinese Subjects After Single and Multiple Oral Doses. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 42(3) 371–381. DOI:10.1007/s13318-016-0343-4 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27306372
Han, M, et al., & Li, JT (2023). A Single-center, Open-label, Parallel Control Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Roflumilast and Its Active Metabolite Roflumilast N-oxide in Healthy Chinese and Caucasian Volunteers. Clinical pharmacology in drug development 12(3) 314–323. DOI:10.1002/cpdd.1209 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36484261
Lahu, G, et al., & Facius, A (2010). Population pharmacokinetic modelling of roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide by total phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitory activity and development of a population pharmacodynamic-adverse event model. Clinical pharmacokinetics 49(9) 589–606. DOI:10.2165/11536600-000000000-00000 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20690782
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)