modelD10AD02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Retinol | |
| ATC code: | D10AD02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 10 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.1 | L |
| clearance: | 0.035 | L/kg/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Retinol, also known as vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. It is used in dermatology for treating acne and skin aging, commonly as topical formulations. Oral or injectable forms are used for vitamin A deficiency, though not common in developed countries. Retinol is approved for use as a dietary supplement and in prescription products.
Pharmacokinetics
No published clinical pharmacokinetic models specific to dermatological or systemic use of retinol (ATC D10AD02) in humans with full parameters. Parameter estimates based on general vitamin A (retinol) pharmacokinetics in healthy adult volunteers after oral administration.
References
Haskell, MJ, et al., & Brown, KH (2003). Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate among preschool-aged, Peruvian children. The American journal of clinical nutrition 77(3) 681–686. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/77.3.681 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12600861
Lopez-Teros, V, et al., & Astiazaran-Garcia, H (2020). The "Super-Child" Approach Is Applied To Estimate Retinol Kinetics and Vitamin A Total Body Stores in Mexican Preschoolers. The Journal of nutrition 150(6) 1644–1651. DOI:10.1093/jn/nxaa048 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135013
Kelly, P, et al., & Farthing, MJ (2001). Impaired bioavailability of vitamin A in adults and children with persistent diarrhoea in Zambia. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15(7) 973–979. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01021.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11421872
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)