modelD11AX26
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | Caffeine | |
| ATC code: | D11AX26 | route: | topical |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 100 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.6 | L |
| clearance: | 0.16 | L/hr/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class, commonly found in coffee, tea, and various energy drinks. It is used to temporarily ward off drowsiness and restore alertness. Caffeine has dermatological use (ATC D11AX26) in topical preparations for conditions such as cellulite and to reduce local fat accumulation; however, its topical use is not widely approved or standardized and is much less common compared to oral consumption.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated typical pharmacokinetic parameters for caffeine after topical application, in absence of direct published PK studies with reference to D11AX26 preparations. Most PK data comes from oral or intravenous forms; topical systemic absorption is limited and not quantified in published models.
References
Hernandes, AN, et al., & Vila, MMDC (2021). Transdermal Permeation of Caffeine Aided by Ionic Liquids: Potential for Enhanced Treatment of Cellulitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 22(3) 121–None. DOI:10.1208/s12249-021-01956-5 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33796955
Patel, N, et al., & Polak, S (2022). Multi-phase multi-layer mechanistic dermal absorption (MPML MechDermA) model to predict local and systemic exposure of drug products applied on skin. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology 11(8) 1060–1084. DOI:10.1002/psp4.12814 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35670226
Di Marco, MP, et al., & Ducharme, MP (2004). A population pharmacokinetic-metabolism model for individualizing ciprofloxacin therapy in ophthalmology. Therapeutic drug monitoring 26(4) 401–407. DOI:10.1097/00007691-200408000-00010 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15257070
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)