modelG04BE02_1
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Papaverine_1 | |
| ATC code: | G04BE02_1 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 150 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 2.5 | L |
| clearance: | 10.2 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Papaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug used primarily to treat visceral spasm, vasospasm (including cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage), and sometimes erectile dysfunction. While it was historically used for gastrointestinal spasms, its clinical use has declined due to the availability of safer alternatives, but it is still approved for some indications.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics after oral administration in healthy adult volunteers; oral absorption assumed with first-order kinetics.
References
Porst, H, et al., & Sharlip, I (2013). SOP conservative (medical and mechanical) treatment of erectile dysfunction. The journal of sexual medicine 10(1) 130–171. DOI:10.1111/jsm.12023 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23343170
Yamamoto, H, et al., & Sugano, K (2023). Application of Population Balance Model to Simulate Precipitation of Weak Base and Zwitterionic Drugs in Gastrointestinal pH Environment. Molecular pharmaceutics 20(4) 2266–2275. DOI:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00088 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36929729
Song, M, et al., & Yang, L (2009). Development of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole in human plasma. Analytical biochemistry 385(2) 270–277. DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.027 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19070586
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)