modelH04AA01_2
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | Glucagon_2 | |
| ATC code: | H04AA01_2 | route: | intranasal |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 3 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.3 | L |
| clearance: | 13.5 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver. It is mainly used as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycemia and as a diagnostic aid in radiological examinations. Glucagon is approved and in clinical use.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for intranasal administration of glucagon in healthy adults (no direct quantitative PK model published).
References
James, DE, et al., & Chigutsa, E (2024). Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nasal glucagon in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology 13(7) 1214–1223. DOI:10.1002/psp4.13153 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38736200
Ueno, H, et al., & Nakazato, M (2014). Exploratory trial of intranasal administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 37(7) 2024–2027. DOI:10.2337/dc13-0690 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24667460
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)