modelJ01RA01
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | PenicillinsCombinationsWithOtherAntibacterials | |
| ATC code: | J01RA01 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 2000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 15 | L |
| clearance: | 12 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Penicillins, combinations with other antibacterials (ATC J01RA01) include formulations that combine penicillin antibiotics with other antibacterial agents, often to broaden the antibacterial spectrum or mitigate resistance. These combinations are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory, urinary tract, and soft tissue infections. While individual agents may still be used, some specific combinations have fallen out of favor due to resistance patterns or the development of newer antibiotics.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated typical adult values for a standard intravenous dose; no direct pharmacokinetic studies specific to penicillins, combinations with other antibacterials (J01RA01) found.
References
Zhanel, GG, et al., & Karlowsky, JA (2019). Cefiderocol: A Siderophore Cephalosporin with Activity Against Carbapenem-Resistant and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli. Drugs 79(3) 271–289. DOI:10.1007/s40265-019-1055-2 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30712199
Cho, JC, et al., & Estrada, SJ (2015). Ceftolozane/Tazobactam: A Novel Cephalosporin/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination. Pharmacotherapy 35(7) 701–715. DOI:10.1002/phar.1609 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26133315
Haeseker, M, et al., & Verbon, A (2014). Is the standard dose of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid sufficient?. BMC pharmacology & toxicology 15 38–None. DOI:10.1186/2050-6511-15-38 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25047044
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)