modelJ04AK02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Ethambutol | |
| ATC code: | J04AK02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 1200 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.6 | L |
| clearance: | 95 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Ethambutol is an oral antimycobacterial agent primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis, usually in combination with other antituberculosis agents. It is approved and widely used today and works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in Mycobacterium species.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers after oral administration.
References
Sundell, J, et al., & Ashton, M (2020). Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics of Ethambutol in Adult Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis and HIV. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 64(2) –. DOI:10.1128/AAC.01583-19 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31712201
Jönsson, S, et al., & McIlleron, H (2011). Population pharmacokinetics of ethambutol in South African tuberculosis patients. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 55(9) 4230–4237. DOI:10.1128/AAC.00274-11 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21690284
Chen, C, et al., & Simonsson, US (2016). Population pharmacokinetics, optimised design and sample size determination for rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide in the mouse. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 93 319–333. DOI:10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.017 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27473307
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)