modelL04AX02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Thalidomide | |
| ATC code: | L04AX02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 200 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.74 | L |
| clearance: | 10.2 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug originally developed as a sedative, later infamous for causing birth defects. It is now approved in several countries, including the United States, as part of treatment for multiple myeloma and for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) associated with leprosy. Thalidomide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulatory effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics in healthy adult males after a single oral dose.
References
Teo, SK, et al., & Laskin, OL (2004). Clinical pharmacokinetics of thalidomide. Clinical pharmacokinetics 43(5) 311–327. DOI:10.2165/00003088-200443050-00004 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15080764
Gaudy, A, et al., & Chen, N (2020). Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Assess the Impact of Disease State on Thalidomide Pharmacokinetics. Journal of clinical pharmacology 60(1) 67–74. DOI:10.1002/jcph.1506 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31392755
Figg, WD, et al., & Reed, E (1999). Pharmacokinetics of thalidomide in an elderly prostate cancer population. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 88(1) 121–125. DOI:10.1021/js980172i PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9874712
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)