modelM03AC04
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Atracurium | |
| ATC code: | M03AC04 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 0.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.17 | L |
| clearance: | 5.5 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Atracurium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used to induce skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It acts by competing with acetylcholine for nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Atracurium is approved and widely used in clinical anesthesia.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult surgical patients (age 18-65) of both sexes undergoing general anesthesia.
References
Kisor, DF, & Schmith, VD (1999). Clinical pharmacokinetics of cisatracurium besilate. Clinical pharmacokinetics 36(1) 27–40. DOI:10.2165/00003088-199936010-00003 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9989341
Dahaba, AA, et al., & Reibnegger, G (2022). Location matters: Overlooked ethnic-geographic effect in China and Austria on propofol/cisatracurium sex differences among a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PopPK/PD) covariate analysis in men, women, and one transgender subject. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 36(1) 182–198. DOI:10.1111/fcp.12704 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34050969
Olkkola, KT, et al., & Apffelstaedt, C (1991). Model-based adaptive closed-loop feedback control of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 35(5) 420–423. DOI:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03321.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1887743
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)