modelN01BA02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C.
Information
| name: | Procaine | |
| ATC code: | N01BA02 | route: | intramuscular |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 500 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.6 | L |
| clearance: | 4.5 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Procaine is a local anesthetic of the ester type historically used for infiltration, nerve block, and spinal anesthesia. Its medical use has largely been replaced by safer alternatives like lidocaine, due to its potential for allergic reactions and shorter duration of action. It is not widely used or approved as a first-line local anesthetic in current medical practice.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated for healthy adult individuals after intramuscular administration based on available literature and pharmacology reviews.
References
Li, M, et al., & Lin, Z (2019). An integrated experimental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling study of penicillin G in heavy sows. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 42(4) 461–475. DOI:10.1111/jvp.12766 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31012501
Li, M, et al., & Lin, Z (2018). Probabilistic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Penicillin G in Milk From Dairy Cows Following Intramammary or Intramuscular Administrations. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 164(1) 85–100. DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfy067 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29945226
Tshefu, A, et al., & Cousens, S (2015). Oral amoxicillin compared with injectable procaine benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin for treatment of neonates and young infants with fast breathing when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial. Lancet (London, England) 385(9979) 1758–1766. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62285-6 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25842223
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)