modelN02AF01
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Butorphanol | |
| ATC code: | N02AF01 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 2 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 305 | L |
| clearance: | 10.3 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used for the management of moderate to severe pain, including pain associated with surgery, migraine, and cancer. It acts primarily as an agonist-antagonist at opioid receptors (agonist at kappa and partial agonist/antagonist at mu receptors). Butorphanol is approved and currently used in both human and veterinary medicine, with formulations available for intravenous, intramuscular, and nasal administration.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers following intravenous administration.
References
Knych, HK, et al., & Blea, J (2024). Population pharmacokinetics of butorphanol following intramuscular administration to exercised thoroughbred horses. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 47(5) 372–379. DOI:10.1111/jvp.13450 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687131
Crabtree, NE, et al., & Fontenot, RL (2019). Synovial butorphanol concentrations and mechanical nociceptive thresholds after intravenous regional limb perfusion in standing sedated horses. Veterinary surgery : VS 48(8) 1473–1482. DOI:10.1111/vsu.13309 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31513300
Vogelsang, J, & Hayes, SR (1991). Butorphanol tartrate (stadol): a review. Journal of post anesthesia nursing 6(2) 129–135. PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1848891
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)