modelN04BA01
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Levodopa | |
| ATC code: | N04BA01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 250 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.6 | L |
| clearance: | 0.8 | L/hr/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine used primarily in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. It is usually administered with carbidopa or benserazide to inhibit peripheral metabolism, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain. Levodopa remains an approved drug today and is a mainstay treatment for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Pharmacokinetics
Typical adult patients with Parkinson's disease, both sexes, ages 40-80 years. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from oral administration studies.
References
Nyholm, D, & Hellström, PM (2021). Effects of Helicobacter pylori on Levodopa Pharmacokinetics. Journal of Parkinson's disease 11(1) 61–69. DOI:10.3233/JPD-202298 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33164946
Triggs, EJ, et al., & Baruzzi, A (1996). Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral levodopa in parkinsonian patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology 51(1) 59–67. DOI:10.1007/s002280050161 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8880053
Othman, AA, & Dutta, S (2014). Population pharmacokinetics of levodopa in subjects with advanced Parkinson's disease: levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion vs. oral tablets. British journal of clinical pharmacology 78(1) 94–105. DOI:10.1111/bcp.12324 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24433449
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)