modelN05BA12
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Alprazolam | |
| ATC code: | N05BA12 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 1 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.95 | L |
| clearance: | 1.0 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used mainly for the management of anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and sometimes for short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. It acts as a central nervous system depressant by potentiating the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Alprazolam is approved for medical use and is commonly prescribed today but has a high potential for dependence and abuse.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers (male and female), oral administration of alprazolam.
References
Grasela, TH, et al., & Smith, RB (1986). An evaluation of population pharmacokinetics in therapeutic trials. Part I. Comparison of methodologies. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 39(6) 605–612. DOI:10.1038/clpt.1986.107 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3709024
Park, JY, et al., & Shin, JG (2006). Effect of CYP3A5*3 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alprazolam in healthy subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 79(6) 590–599. DOI:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.02.008 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16765147
Wennerholm, A, et al., & Bertilsson, L (2005). Alprazolam as a probe for CYP3A using a single blood sample: pharmacokinetics of parent drug, and of alpha- and 4-hydroxy metabolites in healthy subjects. European journal of clinical pharmacology 61(2) 113–118. DOI:10.1007/s00228-004-0861-x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15806426
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)