modelN05CB01
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | CombinationsOfBarbiturates | |
| ATC code: | N05CB01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 100 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.7 | L |
| clearance: | 60 | ml/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Combinations of barbiturates (such as phenobarbital with other barbiturates or hypnotics) were historically used as sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic agents. They were widely used in the mid-20th century for management of insomnia, anxiety, and certain seizure disorders. Such combinations have generally fallen out of favor and are no longer commonly approved or prescribed today due to safety concerns and risk of overdose.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters for combinations of barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital and amobarbital) are generally not reported for the fixed-dose combinations; parameters are usually available only for single agents. Existing literature does not provide combined PK data. Estimates below are based on the properties of individual oral barbiturates in adults.
References
Grasela, TH, et al., & Chen, C (1999). Population pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine adjunctive therapy in adults with epilepsy. Journal of clinical pharmacology 39(4) 373–384. DOI:10.1177/00912709922007949 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10197296
Graves, NM, et al., & Leppik, IE (1998). Population pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in adults with epilepsy. Pharmacotherapy 18(2) 273–281. PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9545146
Ohtani, H, et al., & Akiyoshi, T (2016). In silico evaluation of warfarin-bucolome therapy. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition 37(4) 233–242. DOI:10.1002/bdd.2008 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27214159
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)