modelN05CD05
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Triazolam | |
| ATC code: | N05CD05 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 0.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.3 | L |
| clearance: | 1.5 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Triazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine used primarily for the treatment of insomnia. It is indicated for short-term management of sleep disorders and is not recommended for long-term use due to dependence and tolerance risks. Triazolam is still available in some countries but its use is restricted or discontinued in others due to safety concerns.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers (male and female), age 19-38 years, after a single oral dose.
References
Friedman, H, et al., & Shader, RI (1986). Population study of triazolam pharmacokinetics. British journal of clinical pharmacology 22(6) 639–642. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02951.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3567010
Ozdemir, V, et al., & Naranjo, CA (1996). Pharmacokinetic changes in the elderly. Do they contribute to drug abuse and dependence?. Clinical pharmacokinetics 31(5) 372–385. DOI:10.2165/00003088-199631050-00004 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9118585
Perucca, E, et al., & Fuseau, E (2008). Rufinamide: clinical pharmacokinetics and concentration-response relationships in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 49(7) 1123–1141. DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01665.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18503564
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)