modelN05CF02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Zolpidem | |
| ATC code: | N05CF02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 10 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.54 | L |
| clearance: | 0.28 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent of the imidazopyridine class primarily used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via selective agonism at the benzodiazepine-1 (omega-1) receptor subtype. Zolpidem is approved and widely used today for sleep disorders.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters were reported in healthy adult volunteers (both sexes), typically aged 18-45 years, under fasting conditions after single oral dose.
References
Monti, JM, et al., & Pandi-Perumal, SR (2017). Zolpidem's use for insomnia. Asian journal of psychiatry 25 79–90. DOI:10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.006 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28262178
Guo, T, et al., & Yang, L (2014). Comparative pharmacokinetics of zolpidem tartrate in five ethnic populations of China. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 4(2) 146–150. DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2014.02.001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579377
Shen, M, et al., & Xiang, P (2013). CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and zolpidem metabolism in the Chinese Han population: a pilot study. Forensic science international 227(1-3) 77–81. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.035 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22964165
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)