modelN05CH01
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Melatonin | |
| ATC code: | N05CH01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 2 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 35 | L |
| clearance: | 41.7 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Melatonin is an endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles. As a drug, melatonin is primarily used to treat insomnia, jet lag, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders, and is available as an over-the-counter supplement in many countries. It is generally considered safe with limited adverse effects and is not approved as a prescription medication in most regions, but is widely used for sleep-related complaints.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters following oral administration of 2 mg controlled-release melatonin in healthy adult volunteers (both sexes, age range 18–65 years).
References
Lalanne, S, et al., & Tordjman, S (2021). Melatonin: From Pharmacokinetics to Clinical Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder. International journal of molecular sciences 22(3) –. DOI:10.3390/ijms22031490 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33540815
Bienert, A, et al., & Grześkowiak, E (2015). Melatonin and clonidine premedication has similar impact on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol target controlled-infusions. Journal of clinical pharmacology 55(3) 307–316. DOI:10.1002/jcph.401 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25243731
Li, Y, et al., & Zhang, J (2014). Bio-mimetic drug delivery systems designed to help the senior population reconstruct melatonin plasma profiles similar to those of the healthy younger population. Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B 4(1) 60–66. DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.006 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579365
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)