modelS01AA26
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Azithromycin | |
| ATC code: | S01AA26 | route: | ophthalmic |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 1 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 31 | L |
| clearance: | 630 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract, skin, ear, and eye infections. For ophthalmic use (ATC code S01AA26), it is primarily used as eye drops for bacterial conjunctivitis. Azithromycin is approved for medical use and routinely prescribed in clinical practice.
Pharmacokinetics
Ophthalmic administration, healthy adults, pharmacokinetic parameters estimated from available publications focused mainly on systemic use; direct ophthalmic PK parameters are limited.
References
Wu, F, et al., & Cui, Y (2019). Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Azithromycin Eyedrops in Tears Following Single-Dose Topical Administration in Healthy Volunteers. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 44(3) 371–378. DOI:10.1007/s13318-018-0522-6 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30357610
Asano, N, et al., & Kawazu, K (2017). Limited Azithromycin Localization to Rabbit Meibomian Glands Revealed by LC-MS-Based Bioanalysis and DESI Imaging. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 40(9) 1586–1589. DOI:10.1248/bpb.b17-00288 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28867744
Torkildsen, G, & O'Brien, TP (2008). Conjunctival tissue pharmacokinetic properties of topical azithromycin 1% and moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solutions: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial in healthy adult volunteers. Clinical therapeutics 30(11) 2005–2014. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.10.020 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19108788
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)