modelS01BC05
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C.
Information
| name: | Ketorolac | |
| ATC code: | S01BC05 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 30 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 13 | L |
| clearance: | 0.35 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain, commonly following surgeries. It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins. Ketorolac is approved for use in many countries and is available in oral, intravenous, intramuscular, and ophthalmic formulations. The ATC code S01BC05 refers specifically to its ophthalmic (eye drop) formulation for the treatment of eye pain and inflammation.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult subjects, intravenous administration.
References
McLay, JS, et al., & Anderson, BJ (2018). The pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in children aged 2 months to 16 years: A population analysis. Paediatric anaesthesia 28(2) 80–86. DOI:10.1111/pan.13302 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29266539
Mohammed, BS, et al., & McLay, JS (2015). The enantioselective population pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in children using a stereoselective assay suitable for microanalysis. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 67(9) 1179–1187. DOI:10.1111/jphp.12418 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25880462
Cohen, MN, et al., & Galinkin, J (2011). Pharmacokinetics of single-dose intravenous ketorolac in infants aged 2-11 months. Anesthesia and analgesia 112(3) 655–660. DOI:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182075d04 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21233498
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)