modelS01XA02
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_1C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Retinol | |
| ATC code: | S01XA02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 5000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1 | L |
| clearance: | 0.45 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Retinol, also known as vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. Pharmaceutical retinol is used mainly as a supplement to treat or prevent vitamin A deficiency and is sometimes used topically for dermatological purposes. It is not typically approved as a drug for therapeutic indications except for addressing deficiencies.
Pharmacokinetics
No original publications were found reporting detailed pharmacokinetic parameters of retinol (vitamin A), especially for ophthalmic or systemic use in healthy adults or other populations. The following values are estimated based on general knowledge of oral retinol pharmacokinetics from vitamin A supplementation literature.
References
Haskell, MJ, et al., & Brown, KH (2003). Population-based plasma kinetics of an oral dose of [2H4]retinyl acetate among preschool-aged, Peruvian children. The American journal of clinical nutrition 77(3) 681–686. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/77.3.681 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12600861
Lopez-Teros, V, et al., & Astiazaran-Garcia, H (2020). The "Super-Child" Approach Is Applied To Estimate Retinol Kinetics and Vitamin A Total Body Stores in Mexican Preschoolers. The Journal of nutrition 150(6) 1644–1651. DOI:10.1093/jn/nxaa048 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32135013
Kelly, P, et al., & Farthing, MJ (2001). Impaired bioavailability of vitamin A in adults and children with persistent diarrhoea in Zambia. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15(7) 973–979. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01021.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11421872
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)