modelS02AA01_1
Extends from Pharmacokinetic.Models.PK_2C_enteral.
Information
| name: | Chloramphenicol_1 | |
| ATC code: | S02AA01_1 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 1000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.56 | L |
| clearance: | 21.7 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is used to treat serious infections such as typhoid fever, meningitis, and eye infections, though its use has declined due to potentially severe side effects like aplastic anemia. It is still used in some countries, and topically for eye infections in others.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adults after oral administration.
References
Sullins, AK, & Abdel-Rahman, SM (2013). Pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents in the CSF of children and adolescents. Paediatric drugs 15(2) 93–117. DOI:10.1007/s40272-013-0017-5 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23529866
Zayyad, H, et al., & Paul, M (2017). Revival of old antibiotics: needs, the state of evidence and expectations. International journal of antimicrobial agents 49(5) 536–541. DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.021 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28162982
Lugo Goytia, G, et al., & Mejía, CL (2000). Relationship between clinical and biologic variables and chloramphenicol pharmacokinetic parameters in pediatric patients with sepsis. The Annals of pharmacotherapy 34(3) 393–397. DOI:10.1345/aph.19050 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10917389
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)