modelMetforminAndAcarbose
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.A.A10BD17.
Information
| name: | MetforminAndAcarbose | |
| ATC code: | A10BD17 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 500 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 90 | L |
| clearance: | 18 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Metformin and acarbose is a combination drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly to improve glycemic control when monotherapy is insufficient. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity, while acarbose inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidases to delay carbohydrate absorption. This fixed-dose combination is approved for use in several countries.
Pharmacokinetics
No publication was found reporting combined pharmacokinetic parameters for metformin and acarbose as a fixed-dose combination in humans. Individual PK profiles are known: metformin is commonly described by a one-compartment oral model with rapid absorption, while acarbose has minimal systemic absorption. The following estimates are provided based on published data for individual drugs in adult type 2 diabetic patients under oral administration.
References
Scheen, AJ, & Lefèbvre, PJ (1995). Antihyperglycaemic agents. Drug interactions of clinical importance. Drug safety 12(1) 32–45. DOI:10.2165/00002018-199512010-00003 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7741982
Jennings, PE (1997). Oral antihyperglycaemics. Considerations in older patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs & aging 10(5) 323–331. DOI:10.2165/00002512-199710050-00001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9143853
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)