modelCarbohydrates
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.B.B05BA03.
Information
| name: | Carbohydrates | |
| ATC code: | B05BA03 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 250 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.19 | L |
| clearance: | 100 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Carbohydrates for parenteral nutrition (such as glucose and related solutions) are used as sources of energy and are typically administered intravenously to patients who cannot obtain nutrition via the oral or enteral route. These are commonly employed in hospital settings for patients requiring supportive care. While not a 'drug' in the traditional sense, intravenous carbohydrates (glucose/dextrose) remain a standard and essential component of parenteral nutrition and are widely approved and used in clinical medicine today.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for intravenous infusion of glucose in healthy adult individuals. Published literature directly reporting compartmental pharmacokinetic values for this ATC category is limited; parameters are estimated based on reported ranges for intravenous 5% dextrose solutions in adults.
References
Daly, K, et al., & Shirazi-Beechey, SP (2012). Expression of sweet receptor components in equine small intestine: relevance to intestinal glucose transport. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology 303(2) R199–R208. DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2012 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22552794
el-Mougi, M, et al., & Pierce, NF (1996). Efficacy of standard glucose-based and reduced-osmolarity maltodextrin-based oral rehydration solutions: effect of sugar malabsorption. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 74(5) 471–477. PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9002327
Molla, AM, et al., & Khatun, M (1986). Does oral rehydration therapy alter food consumption and absorption of nutrients in children with cholera?. The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 89(3) 113–117. PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3773023
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)