modelNitroprusside
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.C.C02DD01.
Information
| name: | Nitroprusside | |
| ATC code: | C02DD01 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 200 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.22 | L |
| clearance: | 2.1 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Nitroprusside, also known as sodium nitroprusside, is a fast-acting vasodilator primarily used in emergency settings to manage hypertensive crises and acute heart failure. It acts by releasing nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle, leading to reduced blood pressure. It is still in clinical use, particularly for short-term intravenous management of severe hypertension.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters determined from adult patients following intravenous infusion (hypertensive crises). Typically healthy or acute cardiac patients, both sexes, average age 35-60.
References
Thomas, C, et al., & Moffett, BS (2009). Sodium-nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients. Expert opinion on drug safety 8(5) 599–602. DOI:10.1517/14740330903081717 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19645589
Kamp, J, et al., & Olofsen, E (2020). Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and its major metabolites norketamine, hydroxynorketamine, and dehydronorketamine: a model-based analysis. British journal of anaesthesia 125(5) 750–761. DOI:10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.067 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32838982
Noviawaty, I, et al., & Qureshi, AI (2008). Drug evaluation of clevidipine for acute hypertension. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 9(14) 2519–2529. DOI:10.1517/14656566.9.14.2519 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18778189
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)