modelDiltiazem
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.C.C05AE03.
Information
| name: | Diltiazem | |
| ATC code: | C05AE03 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 60 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 3.6 | L |
| clearance: | 0.64 | L/h/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used primarily for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and certain types of arrhythmias. It is an approved and widely used medication today.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported in healthy adult volunteers after single oral immediate-release dose.
References
Murata, K, et al., & Samejima, M (1989). Pharmacokinetics of an oral sustained-release diltiazem preparation. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 78(11) 960–963. DOI:10.1002/jps.2600781116 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2621582
Xu, Y, et al., & Shin, JI (2022). Concomitant Use of Diltiazem With Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of the American Heart Association 11(14) e025723–None. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.122.025723 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35861836
Guan, XF, et al., & Zuo, XC (2018). Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Diltiazem in Chinese Renal Transplant Recipients. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 43(1) 55–62. DOI:10.1007/s13318-017-0425-y PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28646274
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)