modelBetacarotene
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.D.D02BB01.
Information
| name: | Betacarotene | |
| ATC code: | D02BB01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 15 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1 | L |
| clearance: | 0.005 | L/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Betacarotene is a provitamin A carotenoid, an antioxidant compound used primarily as a dietary supplement to prevent vitamin A deficiency and related disorders. It is not approved as a primary therapeutic agent for any disease, but is widely used in dermatology, ophthalmology, and as a nutritional supplement.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for healthy adult individuals after oral administration, as direct human PK models for betacarotene are not systematically reported in published literature.
References
Woutersen, RA, et al., & Feron, VJ (1999). Safety evaluation of synthetic beta-carotene. Critical reviews in toxicology 29(6) 515–542. DOI:10.1080/10408449991349267 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10628775
Newcomb, SA, et al., & Davis, TP (1990). Endogenous levels of beta-carotene in human buccal mucosa cells by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of chromatography 526(1) 47–58. DOI:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82482-2 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2341545
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)