modelSulfur
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.D.D10AB02.
Information
| name: | Sulfur | |
| ATC code: | D10AB02 | route: | topical |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 2000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.1 | L |
| clearance: | 1 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Sulfur is a topical dermatological agent with keratolytic and antibacterial properties, mainly used for the treatment of acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and scabies. While sulfur was widely used historically, it is still available today in various over-the-counter topical preparations for skin conditions.
Pharmacokinetics
No published human pharmacokinetic (PK) study on topical sulfur is available. Systemic absorption thought to be minimal due to topical application; parameters below are estimated based on lack of evidence for systemic exposure.
References
O'Keefe, SJ (2008). Nutrition and colonic health: the critical role of the microbiota. Current opinion in gastroenterology 24(1) 51–58. DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f323f3 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18043233
Riviere, JE, et al., & Monteiro-Riviere, NA (2003). Percutaneous absorption of topical N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET): effects of exposure variables and coadministered toxicants. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A 66(2) 133–151. DOI:10.1080/15287390306400 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12653019
Graham, JS, et al., & Schiavetta, AM (2009). Medical management of cutaneous sulfur mustard injuries. Toxicology 263(1) 47–58. DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2008.07.067 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18762227
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)