modelBrimonidine
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.D.D11AX21.
Information
| name: | Brimonidine | |
| ATC code: | D11AX21 | route: | topical |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 1 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 10 | L |
| clearance: | 0.25 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Brimonidine is an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist primarily used for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension to reduce intraocular pressure. It is also used topically for the treatment of facial erythema of rosacea. Brimonidine is approved for use today in several countries including the US and EU.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic values for brimonidine topical administration in adults based on available summary information and extrapolation from ocular use, as no direct published pharmacokinetic data is available for topical rosacea formulation.
References
Ackerman, SL, et al., & Vittitow, JL (2019). Low-dose brimonidine for relief of ocular redness: integrated analysis of four clinical trials. Clinical & experimental optometry 102(2) 131–139. DOI:10.1111/cxo.12846 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30525235
Kim, CY, et al., & Seong, GJ (2007). Brimonidine 0.2% versus brimonidine Purite 0.15% in Asian ocular hypertension. Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 23(5) 481–486. DOI:10.1089/jop.2007.0042 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17900227
Durairaj, C, et al., & Cherukury, M (2014). Mechanism - based translational pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model to predict intraocular pressure lowering effect of drugs in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Pharmaceutical research 31(8) 2095–2106. DOI:10.1007/s11095-014-1311-9 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24549827
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)