modelBenzylpenicillin
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.J.J01CE01.
Information
| name: | Benzylpenicillin | |
| ATC code: | J01CE01 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 1000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 15.0 | L |
| clearance: | 15.0 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G, is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Neisseria meningitidis. It is commonly used for conditions such as bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, and pneumococcal infections. It is typically administered parenterally due to poor oral absorption and remains an important antimicrobial agent in clinical use and is still widely approved and used today.
Pharmacokinetics
Reported pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adult subjects following intravenous administration.
References
Bos, JC, et al., & Prins, JM (2018). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Benzylpenicillin in an Adult Severely Ill Sub-Saharan African Patient Population. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 66(8) 1261–1269. DOI:10.1093/cid/cix961 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29112711
Bijleveld, YA, et al., & Mathôt, RAA (2018). Evaluation of a System-Specific Function To Describe the Pharmacokinetics of Benzylpenicillin in Term Neonates Undergoing Moderate Hypothermia. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 62(4) –. DOI:10.1128/AAC.02311-17 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29378710
Bock, M, et al., & Moser, C (2025). Target attainment of benzylpenicillin in patients with infective endocarditis. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases None –. DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2025.04.025 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40306489
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)