modelCiprofloxacinAndMetronid
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.J.J01RA10.
Information
| name: | CiprofloxacinAndMetronidazole | |
| ATC code: | J01RA10 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 500 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 110 | L |
| clearance: | 13 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Ciprofloxacin and metronidazole is a fixed-drug combination antibacterial and antiprotozoal used to treat a variety of infections, particularly gastrointestinal or intra-abdominal infections, where broad-spectrum coverage is needed. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic effective against Gram-negative bacteria, while metronidazole is an antiprotozoal and antibacterial, primarily against anaerobic bacteria. This combination is approved and widely used for mixed bacterial infections and is featured in several national and international guidelines.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters based on published data for ciprofloxacin and metronidazole individually in healthy adult patients, as there are no published population pharmacokinetic models for the fixed combination.
References
Solomkin, JS, et al., & Echols, RM (1996). Results of a randomized trial comparing sequential intravenous/oral treatment with ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole to imipenem/cilastatin for intra-abdominal infections. The Intra-Abdominal Infection Study Group. Annals of surgery 223(3) 303–315. DOI:10.1097/00000658-199603000-00012 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8604912
Madan, AK (2004). Use of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with intra-abdominal infections. Clinical therapeutics 26(10) 1564–1577. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2004.10.013 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15598473
Borrows, R, et al., & Taube, D (2005). Determinants of mycophenolic acid levels after renal transplantation. Therapeutic drug monitoring 27(4) 442–450. DOI:10.1097/01.ftd.0000167885.17280.6f PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16044100
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)