modelNitrofurantoin
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.J.J01XE01.
Information
| name: | Nitrofurantoin | |
| ATC code: | J01XE01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 100 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.8 | L |
| clearance: | 65 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial agent used primarily for the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is effective mainly against Escherichia coli and some other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is approved and widely used today for uncomplicated UTIs, particularly in women.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for healthy adult volunteers (both sexes) after oral administration of nitrofurantoin macrocrystals.
References
Adkison, KK, et al., & Lee, EJ (2008). The ABCG2 C421A polymorphism does not affect oral nitrofurantoin pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese male subjects. British journal of clinical pharmacology 66(2) 233–239. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03184.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18429968
Wijma, RA, et al., & Muller, AE (2018). Review of the pharmacokinetic properties of nitrofurantoin and nitroxoline. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 73(11) 2916–2926. DOI:10.1093/jac/dky255 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30184207
Zayyad, H, et al., & Paul, M (2017). Revival of old antibiotics: needs, the state of evidence and expectations. International journal of antimicrobial agents 49(5) 536–541. DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.021 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28162982
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)