modelAllopurinol
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.M.M04AA01.
Information
| name: | Allopurinol | |
| ATC code: | M04AA01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 300 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.6 | L |
| clearance: | 150 | ml/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used primarily to decrease high blood uric acid levels, commonly used in the management of chronic gout and to prevent uric acid nephropathy during cancer chemotherapy. It is approved and widely used in clinical practice today.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adult volunteers (both male and female) after a single oral dose, fasted state.
References
Vora, B, et al., & Giacomini, KM (2021). Oxypurinol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers: Influence of BCRP Q141K polymorphism and patient characteristics. Clinical and translational science 14(4) 1431–1443. DOI:10.1111/cts.12992 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33931953
Liu, Z, et al., & Guo, R (2015). CGRP mediate the isosorbide-5-mononitrate cardiovascular response in healthy Chinese male volunteers through a XOR-independent pathway. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 53(4) 325–334. DOI:10.5414/CP202178 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25740261
Takada, M, et al., & Shibakawa, M (2005). Appropriate dosing regimen of allopurinol in Japanese patients. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics 30(4) 407–412. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00670.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15985055
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)