modelHalothane
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N01AB01.
Information
| name: | Halothane | |
| ATC code: | N01AB01 | route: | inhalation |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 1 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.5 | L |
| clearance: | 7 | mL/kg/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Halothane is a volatile, inhalation general anesthetic historically used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Due to associated hepatotoxicity and the availability of safer alternatives, its clinical use has significantly declined and it is no longer commonly employed in most countries.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics parameters reported for healthy adults undergoing anesthesia with halothane.
References
Chesney, MA, et al., & Pearce, RA (2003). Differential uptake of volatile agents into brain tissue in vitro. Measurement and application of a diffusion model to determine concentration profiles in brain slices. Anesthesiology 99(1) 122–130. DOI:10.1097/00000542-200307000-00021 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12826851
Grunwald, Z, et al., & Bartkowski, RR (1993). The pharmacokinetics of droperidol in anesthetized children. Anesthesia and analgesia 76(6) 1238–1242. DOI:10.1213/00000539-199306000-00010 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8498660
Zhou, JX, & Liu, J (2002). Tissue solubility of four volatile anesthetics in fresh and frozen tissue specimens from swine. American journal of veterinary research 63(1) 74–77. DOI:10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.74 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16206784
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)