modelKetamine_1
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N01AX03_1.
Information
| name: | Ketamine_1 | |
| ATC code: | N01AX03_1 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 2.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 3.1 | L |
| clearance: | 18.8 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic primarily used for anesthesia and analgesia. It acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist and is notable for its use in both human and veterinary medicine. Ketamine has also been researched and used off-label for treatment-resistant depression and acute pain management. It is approved and in clinical use as an anesthetic agent.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters of ketamine after oral administration in healthy adult volunteers.
References
Simons, P, et al., & Dahan, A (2022). . Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) 3 946486–None. DOI:10.3389/fpain.2022.946486 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35899184
Fanta, S, et al., & Kalso, E (2015). Population pharmacokinetics of S-ketamine and norketamine in healthy volunteers after intravenous and oral dosing. European journal of clinical pharmacology 71(4) 441–447. DOI:10.1007/s00228-015-1826-y PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724645
Dutton, M, et al., & Hermens, DF (2023). Oral ketamine may offer a solution to the ketamine conundrum. Psychopharmacology 240(12) 2483–2497. DOI:10.1007/s00213-023-06480-x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37882811
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)