modelPhenobarbital
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N03AA02.
Information
| name: | Phenobarbital | |
| ATC code: | N03AA02 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 100 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.7 | L |
| clearance: | 0.004 | L/kg/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate that is used primarily as an anticonvulsant in the management of epilepsy. It is one of the oldest antiepileptic drugs, still in use for generalized and partial seizures, especially in low-resource settings. Phenobarbital acts by increasing GABAergic activity in the brain and is approved for use today, though it has largely been replaced by newer agents in high-income countries.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters reported for adults with epilepsy after oral administration of phenobarbital.
References
Moffett, BS, et al., & Kayyal, SY (2018). Phenobarbital population pharmacokinetics across the pediatric age spectrum. Epilepsia 59(7) 1327–1333. DOI:10.1111/epi.14447 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29897629
Yukawa, M, et al., & Mimemoto, M (2011). Population pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital by mixed effect modelling using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese neonates and infants: an update. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics 36(6) 704–710. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01220.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22023343
Cochrane, SM, et al., & Lumsden, JH (1990). Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the cat following multiple oral administration. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 54(3) 309–312. PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2143097
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_1C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_1C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)