modelClonazepam
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N03AE01.
Information
| name: | Clonazepam | |
| ATC code: | N03AE01 | route: | oral |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 2 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 3.0 | L |
| clearance: | 55 | mL/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant used primarily for the treatment of epilepsy, panic disorders, and sometimes for movement disorders. It enhances the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and is approved for use in many countries including the US.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters determined in healthy adult subjects after single oral dose administration.
References
Kruizinga, MD, et al., & van Esdonk, MJ (2022). Population pharmacokinetics of clonazepam in saliva and plasma: Steps towards noninvasive pharmacokinetic studies in vulnerable populations. British journal of clinical pharmacology 88(5) 2236–2245. DOI:10.1111/bcp.15152 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34811788
dos Santos, FM, et al., & Noël, F (2009). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of psychomotor impairment induced by oral clonazepam in healthy volunteers. Therapeutic drug monitoring 31(5) 566–574. DOI:10.1097/FTD.0b013e3181b1dd76 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19730280
Genis-Najera, L, & Sañudo-Maury, ME (2024). Bioequivalence Study of Two Tablet Formulations of Clonazepam 2 mg: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study in Healthy Mexican Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions. Neurology and therapy 13(1) 141–152. DOI:10.1007/s40120-023-00567-5 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38041794
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.TransferRate | ka (from PK_2C_enteral) | 0.016666666666666666 | first order absorption rate |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | Tlag (from PK_2C_enteral) | 600 | delay between oral administration and absorption (default 10min) |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)