modelCarbachol
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.N.N07AB01.
Information
| name: | Carbachol | |
| ATC code: | N07AB01 | route: | ophthalmic |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 1.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1 | L |
| clearance: | 0 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Carbachol is a cholinergic agonist that acts on both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. It is primarily used in ophthalmology for the treatment of glaucoma and for inducing miosis during ocular surgery. It is not commonly used systemically due to poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and potential for widespread cholinergic side effects. Carbachol is approved for ophthalmic use.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters are not well-characterized for systemic use in humans; carbachol’s use is largely limited to local administration in the eye. Limited information from animal studies or isolated case reports suggests poor oral absorption and rapid degradation when administered systemically.
References
Vanderheyden, P, et al., & Vauquelin, G (1988). Characterization of M1- and M2-muscarinic receptors in calf retina membranes. Vision research 28(2) 247–250. DOI:10.1016/0042-6989(88)90151-4 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3414010
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)