modelTimolol_1
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.S.S01ED01_1.
Information
| name: | Timolol_1 | |
| ATC code: | S01ED01_1 | route: | ocular |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 0.5 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 1.2 | L |
| clearance: | 16.6 | L/h |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used primarily to treat elevated intraocular pressure in ocular conditions such as glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is also used systemically for hypertension, migraine prophylaxis, and occasionally for arrhythmias. Ophthalmic timolol is widely approved and used today.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters following topical ocular administration (ophthalmic solution) in healthy adult volunteers.
References
Goldberg, I, et al., & Bejanian, M (2014). Bimatoprost 0.03%/timolol 0.5% preservative-free ophthalmic solution versus bimatoprost 0.03%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution (Ganfort) for glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a 12-week randomised controlled trial. The British journal of ophthalmology 98(7) 926–931. DOI:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304064 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24667994
Ishibashi, T, et al., & Kinoshita, S (2003). Comparison of the effects of topical levobunolol and timolol solution on the human ocular surface. Cornea 22(8) 709–715. DOI:10.1097/00003226-200311000-00001 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14576520
Ishibashi, T, et al., & Kinoshita, S (2003). Retention of reversibly thermo-gelling timolol on the human ocular surface studied by video meniscometry. Current eye research 27(2) 117–122. DOI:10.1076/ceyr.27.2.117.15948 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14632164
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)