modelProcaine
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.S.S01HA05.
Information
| name: | Procaine | |
| ATC code: | S01HA05 | route: | intramuscular |
| compartments: | 1 | |
| dosage: | 500 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.4 | L |
| clearance: | 400 | ml/min |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Procaine is an ester-type local anesthetic historically used for infiltration and nerve block anesthesia. It is known under the trade name Novocain, but it is largely replaced in modern medicine due to its short duration of action and higher allergenic potential compared to amide anesthetics. Its use in ophthalmology or systemic administration is rare or obsolete.
Pharmacokinetics
Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adults. No directly referenced clinical pharmacokinetic study data available for procaine as S01HA05 (ophthalmological use) or other systemic administration.
References
Li, M, et al., & Lin, Z (2019). An integrated experimental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling study of penicillin G in heavy sows. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics 42(4) 461–475. DOI:10.1111/jvp.12766 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31012501
Li, M, et al., & Lin, Z (2018). Probabilistic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Penicillin G in Milk From Dairy Cows Following Intramammary or Intramuscular Administrations. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 164(1) 85–100. DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfy067 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29945226
Tshefu, A, et al., & Cousens, S (2015). Oral amoxicillin compared with injectable procaine benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin for treatment of neonates and young infants with fast breathing when referral is not possible: a randomised, open-label, equivalence trial. Lancet (London, England) 385(9979) 1758–1766. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62285-6 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25842223
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)