modelChloramphenicol
Extends from Pharmacolibrary.Drugs.ATC.S.S02AA01.
Information
| name: | Chloramphenicol | |
| ATC code: | S02AA01 | route: | intravenous |
| compartments: | 2 | |
| dosage: | 1000 | mg |
| volume of distribution: | 0.56 | L |
| clearance: | 21.7 | mL/min/kg |
| other parameters in model implementation | ||
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is used to treat serious infections such as typhoid fever, meningitis, and eye infections, though its use has declined due to potentially severe side effects like aplastic anemia. It is still used in some countries, and topically for eye infections in others.
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy adults after intravenous administration.
References
Sullins, AK, & Abdel-Rahman, SM (2013). Pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents in the CSF of children and adolescents. Paediatric drugs 15(2) 93–117. DOI:10.1007/s40272-013-0017-5 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23529866
Zayyad, H, et al., & Paul, M (2017). Revival of old antibiotics: needs, the state of evidence and expectations. International journal of antimicrobial agents 49(5) 536–541. DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.021 PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28162982
Ogutu, BR, et al., & Kokwaro, GO (2002). Phenytoin pharmacokinetics and clinical effects in African children following fosphenytoin and chloramphenicol coadministration. British journal of clinical pharmacology 54(6) 635–642. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01689.x PUBMED:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12492612
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modelica.Units.SI.Mass | weight (from PK_1C) | 75 | patient weight (kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdPerKg (from PK_1C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution (L/kg) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.MassFraction | F (from PK_1C) | 0.8 | bioavailiability (0-1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | Cl (from PK_1C) | 20 | clearance |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminTime (from PK_1C) | 60 | first administration time (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminDuration (from PK_1C) | 600 | administration duration (s) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | adminPeriod (from PK_1C) | 8*60*60 | period of administration (default 8 hours)(s) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Mass | adminMass (from PK_1C) | 1000 | administration mass (mg) |
| Integer | adminCount (from PK_1C) | 8 | number of dose administered (1) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vd (from PK_1C) | VdPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmin (from PK_1C) | 0.004 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Cmax (from PK_1C) | 0.008 | minimal therapeutic range |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_peak (from PK_1C) | 0.012 | toxicity peak level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.MassConcentration | Ctox_trough (from PK_1C) | 0.006 | toxicity trough level |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Volume | Vdp (from PK_2C) | VdpPerKg*weight | Volume of distribution (m3) |
| Modelica.Units.SI.SpecificVolume | VdpPerKg (from PK_2C) | 0.9 | Volume of distribution peripheral(l/kg) |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k12 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental C-P clearance |
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.Clearance | k21 (from PK_2C) | 1 | intercompartmental P-C clearance |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | centralCPort (from PK_1C) | ||
| Interfaces.ConcentrationPort_b | peripheralCPort (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Types.ConcentrationOutput | C_peripheral1 (from PK_2C) |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | central (from PK_1C) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic.ClearanceDrivenElimination | elim (from PK_1C) | ||
| Sources.PeriodicDose | periodicDose (from PK_1C) | ||
| Modelica.Units.SI.Time | t1_2 (from PK_1C) | elimination half-life | |
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.TransferFirstOrderNonSym | transfer (from PK_2C) | ||
| Pharmacolibrary.Pharmacokinetic.NoPerfusedTissueCompartment | peripheral (from PK_2C) |
Revisions
- 06/2025 Tomas Kulhanek, generated model from data extracted from PUBMED, DrugBank and LLM(GPT4.1)