modelHeart
Extends from Physiolibrary.Icons.Heart.
Information
Calculates hearth pumping (left and right atria and ventricles, as wel as coronary circulation). By pressure-flow connectors communicate with pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Blood volume (and pressure) distributions between
- right/left atrium and
- right/left ventricle.
Generate average blood flow throught ventricles.
On the contrary of Tom Coleman models: coronary circulation outflows to right atrium, average blood volume in the hearth are calculated more simple (with the same results in steady state).
New heart energy balance
left: 1.41 W(const BasalCals), HR*P*V 1.4 W
right: 0.21 W (const BasalCals), HR*P*V 0.19 W
Effeciency by
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.660639
is 25% (basal metabolism included).
Optimal values:
Left heart:
90mmHg= 12000Pa
75ml = 0.000075m3
75bpm = 1.25Hz
= 1.125 W (mechanical work)
4.5 W (total energy for 25% effeciency with basal metabolism)
1.41 W (basal metabolism)
36% motion effeciency without basal metabolism (new parameter for heart)
Right heart:
12.4mmHg=1653Pa
75ml= 0.000075m3
75bpm=1.25Hz
= 0.155 W (mechanical work)
/0.25 = 0.62 W (total energy for 25% effeciency with basal metabolism)
0.21 W (basal metabolism)
38% motion effeciency without basal metabolism (new parameter for heart)
Old estimation of heart energy balance
left: 1.67 W (const MotionCals) , 6.07 W (const HeatCals), 1.41 W(const BasalCals) = 7.74 W + 1.41 W = 9.15 W
right: 0.35 W (const MotionCals) , 1.19 W (const HeatCals), 0.21 W (const BasalCals) = 1.54 W + 0.21 W
Parameters
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | NormalPericardiumPressure | -446 | Typical value of pericardium cavity pressure (relative to environment ambient pressure) |
| Right heart › Coronary blood suply | |||
| Types.HydraulicConductance | RightCoronaryLarge | 1.2501026264094e-09 | Conductance of lagre coronary vessels |
| Types.HydraulicConductance | RightCoronarySmall | 6.2505131320471e-11 | Conductance of small coronary vessels |
| Left heart › Coronary blood suply | |||
| Types.HydraulicConductance | LeftCoronaryLarge | 5.0004105056377e-09 | Conductance of lagre coronary vessels |
| Types.HydraulicConductance | LeftCoronarySmall | 3.1252565660236e-10 | Conductance of small coronary vessels |
| Right heart › Atrium | |||
| Volume | RightAtriumBlood_initial | 5.16454e-05 | Initial blood volume in right atrium |
| HydraulicCompliance | RightAtriumCompliance | 9.3757696980707e-08 | Mean compliance of right atrium |
| Right heart › Ventricle | |||
| Volume | RightVentricle_initial | 8.75e-05 | Initial blood volume in right ventricle |
| HydraulicCompliance | RightVentricleBasicCompliance | 2.1901798014693e-07 | Basic compliance od right ventricle |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Frequency | RV_K | 1 | time adaptation coeficient of average ventricle blood volume |
| Left heart › Atrium | |||
| Volume | LeftAtriumBlood_initial | 5.05035e-05 | Initial blood volume in left atrium |
| HydraulicCompliance | LeftAtriumCompliance | 4.6878848490354e-08 | Mean compliance of left atrium |
| Left heart › Ventricle | |||
| Volume | LeftVentricle_initial | 8.75e-05 | Initial blood volume in left ventricle |
| HydraulicCompliance | LeftVentricleBasicCompliance | 1.0950899007347e-07 | Basic compliance od left ventricle |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Frequency | LV_K | 0.016666666666667 | time adaptation coeficient of average ventricle blood volume |
| Sinoatrial node | |||
| Frequency | BaseHeartRate | 1.3666666666667 | Base heart rate |
| Real[:,3] | SA_SympatheticRateIncrease | {{0.0, 0, 0}, {1.0, 10, 10}, {5.0, 120, 0}} | Heart rate increase on sympathetic neural activity |
| Real[:,3] | SA_ParasympatheticRateIncrease | {{0.0, 0, 0}, {2.0, -20, -8}, {8.0, -40, 0}} | Heart rate increase on parasympathetic neural activity |
| Baroreceptors | |||
| Real[:,3] | AdaptationOnNA | {{-4.0, 0.0, 0}, {0.0, 1.0, 0.3}, {12.0, 4.0, 0}} | Neural activity effect based on mean atrial pressure change |
| Pressure | AdaptivePressure | 799.93432449 | Initial value of adapted mean atrial pressure |
| Time | AdaptationTau | 2592000 | Delay coefficient of baroreceptors adaptation |
| Right heart › Diastole | |||
| Physiolibrary.Types.Volume | RV_NormalEndDiastolicVolume | 0.000125 | Typical value of blood volume in ventricle after filling |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | RV_NormalFillingPressure | 95.9921189388 | Typical value of filling pressure relative to pericardium pressure |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | RV_stiffnes | 1 | Relative stiffnes (1 if normal) |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | RV_n_Diastole | 2 | Exponent of P-V characteristic of EDV curve on filling pressure |
| Right heart › Systole | |||
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | RV_NormalSystolicPressure | 1666.5298426875 | Typical value of systolic pressure relative to pericardium pressure |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Volume | RV_NormalEndSystolicVolume | 5.122e-05 | Typical value of blood volume in ventricle after ejection |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | RV_additionalPressure_Systolic | 1199.901486735 | Pressure difference between mean and systolic pressure |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | RV_contractilityBasic | 1 | Relative contractility (1 if normal) |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | RV_n_Systole | 0.5 | Exponent of P-V characteristic of ESV curve on systolic pressure |
| Left heart › Diastole | |||
| Physiolibrary.Types.Volume | LV_NormalEndDiastolicVolume | 0.000125 | Typical value of blood volume in ventricle after filling |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | LV_NormalFillingPressure | 615.9494298573 | Typical value of filling pressure relative to pericardium pressure |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | LV_stiffnes | 1 | Relative stiffnes (1 if normal) |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | LV_n_Diastole | 2 | Exponent of P-V characteristic of EDV curve on filling pressure |
| Left heart › Systole | |||
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | LV_NormalSystolicPressure | 12665.626804425 | Typical value of systolic pressure relative to pericardium pressure |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Volume | LV_NormalEndSystolicVolume | 5.087e-05 | Typical value of blood volume in ventricle after ejection |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Pressure | LV_additionalPressure_Systolic | 3199.73729796 | Pressure difference between mean and systolic pressure |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | LV_contractilityBasic | 1 | Relative contractility (1 if normal) |
| Physiolibrary.Types.Fraction | LV_n_Systole | 0.5 | Exponent of P-V characteristic of ESV curve on systolic pressure |
Connectors
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physiolibrary.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_a | rightAtrium | blood inflow to right atrium | |
| Physiolibrary.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_b | rightVentricle | blood outflow to pulmonary circulation | |
| Physiolibrary.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_b | leftVentricle | blood outflow to aorta | |
| Physiolibrary.Fluid.Interfaces.FluidPort_a | leftAtrium | blood inflow to left atrium | |
| Types.RealIO.PressureInput | Pericardium | pericardium pressure | |
| Types.RealIO.FrequencyInput | Sympathicus | Ganglia general neural activity | |
| Types.RealIO.FrequencyInput | Parasympathicus | Vagus neural activity | |
| Types.RealIO.FractionOutput | AtrialLowPressureReceptors |
Components
| Type | Name | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Components.SA_Node | SA_node | ||
| Physiolibrary.Fluid.Sensors.PressureMeasure | pressureMeasure | ||
| Components.BaroReceptors | lowPressureReceptors | ||
| Modelica.Fluid.System | system | Human body system setting | |
| Fluid.Components.ElasticVessel | RightAtrium | Heart atrium | |
| Components.Ventricle | RightVentricle | ||
| Components.Tissue | rightTissue | ||
| Fluid.Sensors.PressureMeasure | leftAtriumTMP | ||
| Components.Ventricle | LeftVentricle | ||
| Fluid.Components.ElasticVessel | LeftAtrium | Heart atrium | |
| Components.Tissue | leftTissue | ||
| Physiolibrary.Organs.Components.BetaReceptors | betaReceptors |
Contents
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
 Blood |
Revisions
Author: |
Marek Matejak |
Design: |
Zuzana Rubaninska |
License: |
|
Date of: |
january 2009, August 2010 |
References: |
Tom Coleman: QHP 2008 beta 3,, Physiomodel 2010, University of Mississippi Medical Center |
Copyright © 2014 Marek Matejak, Charles University in Prague.